Mary Kimmel

Assistant Professor and Co-Director, Perinatal Psychiatry Program

University of North Carolina School of Medicine

Mary Kimmel, MD is an Assistant Professor, Medical Director of NC Maternal Mental Health MATTERS program, and Co-Director of UNC’s Perinatal Psychiatry Program. She graduated with Honors in Biology and a second Political Science major at Northwestern University. She was inducted into AOA and received awards for her work in women’s health before her graduation from Drexel University College of Medicine. She has training in obstetrics and psychiatry and served as a chief resident in psychiatry at Johns Hopkins. She completed a fellowship at Johns Hopkins in Women’s Mood Disorders and her research and clinical work during her fellowship focused on integration of maternal mental health assessment and treatment into obstetrics and pediatrics and on mother-infant attachment. She was the medical director for over five years for the UNC’s Perinatal Psychiatry Inpatient Unit, the first unit of its kind in the United States to provide inpatient psychiatric care to pregnant and postpartum women. The NC Maternal Mental Health MATTERS program provides education and support to frontline providers and their pregnant and postpartum patients for the screening, assessment and treatment of stress, anxiety, depression, and other behavioral health disorders. Dr. Kimmel’s research includes studying the relationship of the microbiota-gut-brain axis, stress reactivity, and tryptophan/serotonin metabolism across pregnancy and the postpartum period and in relation to the development of maternal depression and anxiety and the child’s psychological development. NIMH, HRSA, Brain & Behavior Research Foundation and the Foundation of Hope funding support Dr. Kimmel’s work. She has presented her work in numerous national and international settings and has been an invited speaker on the microbiota-gut-brain axis and on Perinatal Mood and Anxiety Disorders.

 Abstract

Mother’s Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis: Keys to Infant Development

In the talk, Dr. Kimmel, will present background information on her work with heart rate variability (HRV), measurements that reflect different aspects of the beat-to-beat variation, in relation to maternal mental health, particularly anxiety. This will introduce participants to different aspects of HRV, particularly as it reflects vagal tone. Dr. Kimmel will then provide information about the cohort of cohort of 94 women, enriched with women with anxiety and depression disorders, including 40 mother-infant pairs who participated in the Trier Social Stress Test as stressor for mother and heel stick as stressor for infant while HRV was captured from EKG readings. Dr. Kimmel will discuss different maternal reported symptoms in relation to HRV and her microbial composition. Then Dr. Kimmel will discuss how maternal and infant HRV measures indicate mothers with lower vagal tone have infants with lower vagal tone. Mothers with report of higher numbers of certain mood and anxiety symptoms associated with changes in infant vagal tone. Dr. Kimmel will also share preliminary findings showing that maternal microbial composition from 16S revealed lower alpha-diversity associated with increased infant heart rate and lower vagal tone. However, infant microbial composition in terms of alpha-diversity did not associate with infant HRV measures or heart rate. Dr. Kimmel will conclude by discussing some proposed mechanisms of how maternal microbial composition may be associating with the development of the infant Autonomic Nervous System responses to stress.

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